This book includes: Introduction and overview; Fundamentals of digital logic; Data and program representation; The variety of processors and computational engines; Processor types and instruction sets; Operand addressing and instruction representation; CPUs: Microcode, Protection, and Processor modes; Assembly languages and programming paradigm; Memory and storage; Physical memory and physical addressing; Virtual memory technologies and virtual addressing; Caches and caching; Input/output concepts and terminology; Buses and bus architectures; Programmed and interrupt-driven I/O; Programmer's view of divices, I/O, and buffering; Parallelism; Pipelining; Assessing performance; Architecture examples and hierachy.